If anyone is interested in IPv6 reachability: HostHatch has it everywhere, Vultr has it everywhere, CloudCone only in LA and only /64 per instance. The CDN discussion is moot if your audience is IPv6-only mobile networks in India or Brazil.
Looking for CDN included in cheap VPS hosting
/64 is standard. What do you expect, a /48 on a $1.50 VPS?
I run Caddy with cache on a Hetzner VPS in Falkenstein and use Cloudflare free in front. Total cost 4 euro. Not integrated but two commands to set up. I know this does not answer the original question but it is what works.
Has anyone tried Linode/Akamai since the acquisition? They claim integrated CDN now but pricing starts at $5 and I cannot find the POP list.
This is now off-topic but relevant: Linode's "integrated CDN" is actually Akamai Ion delivery. Minimum $5 plan, 11 POPs in the free tier of the CDN product. But it is a separate product, not included in VPS. You pay for compute and delivery separately.
I am going to document HostHatch as "partially meets requirements, header issues" and CloudCone as "does not meet minimum POP requirement." Vultr as "not integrated, partner setup only."
Thread has drifted but the answer is: none of the three fully satisfy the opening requirements at low price points.